Arthritis/ Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis, specifically affecting the knee, is a degenerative condition where the cartilage covering the bones in the knee joint breaks down. This deterioration of cartilage leads to pain, stiffness, and limited mobility in the knee. While more common in older adults, osteoarthritis can also be caused by factors such as injury, obesity, family history, or other causes.
Common symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee include:
- Pain in the knee joint that worsens with weight-bearing or after periods of inactivity.
- Stiffness and restricted range of motion in the knee.
- Swelling and tenderness around the knee joint.
- A sensation of grating or crunching when moving the knee.
- Weakened knee muscles due to lack of use.
Treatment:
Lifestyle Adjustments: In the case of early-stage osteoarthritis or mild symptoms, making changes to one’s lifestyle can be an effective way to manage the condition. These modifications include:
- Weight control: Maintaining a healthy body weight can help alleviate stress on the knee joint.
- Low-impact exercises: Participating in activities such as swimming, cycling, or walking can assist in strengthening the muscles around the knee without placing excessive strain on the joint.
- Rest and modification of activities: Finding a balance between rest and physical activity can aid in symptom management and prevent overloading of the joint.
Physical Therapy: A physical therapist can create a personalized exercise plan to enhance knee strength, flexibility, and joint stability. They may also employ methods such as heat or ice therapy to alleviate pain and reduce swelling.
Injections: Temporary relief from pain and inflammation can be achieved by administering corticosteroid injections directly into the knee joint. An alternative option is the use of hyaluronic acid injections, which aid in joint lubrication.
Assistive Devices: Employing supportive devices like knee braces or orthotics can offer assistance and alleviate strain on the affected knee joint.
Surgical Intervention: In instances of advanced cases or when conservative treatments prove ineffective, surgical options may be explored. These options include:
- Arthroscopic surgery: This procedure involves the removal of debris or repair of damaged tissue within the knee joint.
- Osteotomy: This approach involves repositioning the bones around the knee joint to redistribute weight away from the affected area.
- Knee replacement: In severe cases, total or partial knee replacement surgery may be required to substitute the damaged joint with an artificial implant.
The choice of treatment is dependent on various factors, including the severity of osteoarthritis, the patient’s age, overall health, and lifestyle.
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