Knee replacement, also referred to as knee arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure performed to replace a damaged or severely arthritic knee joint with an artificial implant. The objective of this surgery is to alleviate pain, enhance mobility, and restore knee function when non-surgical treatments have proven ineffective.

There are two primary types of knee replacement surgeries:

1. Total Knee Replacement (TKA): In total knee replacement, the entire knee joint is replaced. This involves removing the damaged cartilage and bone from the femur (thighbone) and tibia (shinbone) and replacing them with artificial components made of metal and plastic. These components are designed to replicate the natural shape and function of the knee joint.
2. Partial Knee Replacement (UKA): In partial knee replacement, only the damaged part of the knee joint is replaced. This procedure is considered when arthritis or damage is limited to one compartment of the knee. UKA is suitable for a specific subset of patients with certain knee conditions and may provide a more conservative surgical option.

The decision to perform total knee replacement or partial knee replacement depends on various factors, such as the extent of knee damage, the location of arthritis, the patient’s age, activity level, and overall health.

Knee replacement surgery is conducted under general or regional anesthesia. During the procedure, the orthopedic surgeon makes an incision over the knee joint, removes the damaged surfaces, and prepares the bones to receive the artificial components. The metal and plastic implants are then secured to the bone using cement or press-fit techniques.

After the surgery, patients usually stay in the hospital for a few days and undergo a comprehensive rehabilitation program to regain strength, mobility, and function in the knee. Physical therapy plays a crucial role in the recovery process and is vital for a successful outcome.

Knee replacement surgery has proven to be highly effective in relieving pain and improving knee function for individuals with severe arthritis or knee damage. With proper post-operative care, many patients experience significant improvements in their quality of life, allowing them to engage in daily activities with reduced pain and increased mobility.

However, like any major surgery, knee replacement carries potential risks and complications. Patients should carefully consider all factors and discuss their specific situation with their orthopedic surgeon.